1．Yellow is usually the color of happy，joyful emotions （情感）．But according to a new study，not all people associate the sunshiny shade with good feelings．
   To find out what factors might play a role，researchers tested a new hypothesis （假設(shè)）：What if people's physical surroundings affect their feelings about certain colors？For example，if someone lived in cold and rainy Finland，would they feel differently about the color yellow from someone who lived near the Sahara Desert？
   The researchers looked at color-emotion data from an ongoing international survey （調(diào)查） of 6 ，625 people in 55 countries．The survey asked participants to rate 12 colors on how closely they were associated with feelings including joy，pride，fear，and shame．
   The researchers paid particular attention to the data for yellow，and analyzed how different factors一including hours of sunshine，hours of daylight，and the amount of rainfall一lined up with the emotions people reported for the color．The two best predictors of how people felt about yellow were the annual amount of rainfall，and how far they lived from the equator （赤道）．
   Overall，people were more likely to associate yellow with joy when they lived in rainier countries that lay farther from the equator，researchers reported in the Journal of Environmental Psychology．In Egypt，the likelihood of yellow being associated with joy was just 5.7% ，whereas in chilly Finland it was 87.7%．In the United States，with its mild climate and amber waves of grain，people's yellow joy association levels were between 60% and 70%．
   The researchers also checked whether associations changed with the season - whether，for example，people in a certain country liked yellow more in the winter than they did in the summer．They found that opinions about color remained fairly constant year-round 一even when the weather changed，the data on yellow-joy associations were as good as gold．

（1）What did the researchers do before the survey？
A．They went to Finland．
B．They made an assumption．
C．They studied certain colors．
D．They analyzed some data．
（2）Which of the following affects people's feelings about yellow？
A．The changeable seasons．
B．The length of daytime．
C．The geographic position．
D．The amount of snowfall．
（3）How did the researchers carry out the survey？
A．By interviewing participants．
B．By studying the data collected．
C．By travelling around the world．
D．By looking at color combinations．
（4）What can be the best title of the text？
A．Finland ：A Country Admiring Yellow．
B．Yellow：Associated with Joy Conditionally．
C．Color ：An Important Role in Good Feelings．
D．Color-emotion Data ：Collected Internationally．

2．The British have long been known for their love of tea，but people in London also drink a lot of coffee.In fact，the average Londoner reportedly drinks 2.3 cups of coffee every day.
   And now，waste coffee grounds（咖啡渣）will be used to help fuel part of the city's transportation system.
   A technology company announced on Monday that some buses will be using a biofuel （生物燃料） that contains coffee oil.
   The company，bio-bean，and its partner，Argent Energy，say they have made enough coffee oil to power one of London's famous double-decker buses for a year.
   The announcement made bio-bean a trending story on social media.
   The government agency Transport for London has been turning to biofuels to cut production of carbon emissions.Carbon emissions are the gas produced by the burning of carbon，and the gas is released into the atmosphere.
   London's mayor，Sadiq Khan，said last month that his city has a "health crisis...caused directly by poor-quality air".The government has taken steps to discourage people from driving cars that do not meet European Union emissions requirements.
   Bio-bean said Londoners produce over 200，000 tons of waste coffee grounds a year.The company said it collects waste grounds from chain coffee shops and factories.The grounds are dried and processed to remove coffee oil.
   "It's a great example of what can be done when we start to reimagine waste as an untapped resource，" said one of bio-bean founders Arthur Kay.The coffee fuel technology has been receiving support from the oil company Royal Dutch Shell.

（1）The main reason why some buses use biofuels is .
A．to show the Londoners prefer coffee to tea
B．to improve the speed of the bus in London
C．to lower carbon emissions
D．to encourage people to go to work by bus
（2）Where do the waste coffee grounds come from？
A．The city's transportation system.
B．The European Union.
C．Royal Dutch Shell pic.
D．Chain coffee shops and factories.
（3）What does the underlined word "untapped" mean in the last paragraph？
A．undeveloped
B．unforgotten
C．explored
D．a(chǎn)bandoned
（4）What may be the best title for the text？
A．The Use of Coffee
B．Coffee Grounds to Help Power London's Buses
C．Coffee Culture in London
D．A New Way of Using a Biofuel

3．In February，before the outbreak of Covid-19，I sold my old-style car.I thought it wouldn't be a big deal：I live in London within walking distance of three subway stations and countless bus stops.I own a bike；there are taxis and supermarket delivery services，and I joined a car-share program，all of which can save me a big sum of money to fund my future green transport.
   Then the lockdown（封鎖）happened and being car-free suddenly felt like a big deal.I couldn't get a supermarket delivery.I couldn't take my broken garden chairs to the recycling center.And a few days into lockdown，somebody stole my bike!
   When the lockdown stopped，it just got worse.I was eager to go to the countryside or beach，but taking public transport or a taxi felt like too much of a risk.The car-share program turned out to be unbelievably difficult to deal with—every area has its own rules about where you can and can't park，and taking a car-share vehicle beyond the city is impossible.And renting a car is clearly expensive and time-consuming.
   So last month I did a U-turn.I felt guilty but also a sense of satisfaction：I had tried，but the pandemic（疫情）beat me.Most of all，I got freedom，sitting behind the wheel （方向盤）and getting to wherever I want.Don't get me wrong.I still expect to travel without creating greenhouse gases and pollution.But life in a pandemic has drawn attention to some of the disadvantages of public transport，such as time and money wasted on the road to offices and the risk of Covid-19.It has also stressed our need to review our relationship with the environment.Problems with public transport have meant that the ownership and use of a car has become quite a useful thing.

（1）Why did the author sell his car in the first paragraph？
A．His car was too old to drive.
B．He tried to lead a greener life.
C．He felt a car was no longer useful.
D．He wanted to get a big sum of money.
（2）What did the author probably mean by "I did a U-turn" in paragraph 4？
A．I bought a new car.
B．I made a tough decision.
C．I broke the lockdown rules.
D．I chose another path to life.
（3）What's the author's attitude toward driving a car in the last paragraph？
A．doubtful
B．concerned
C．positive
D．uncertain
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？
A．A greener choice in life
B．Back behind the wheel
C．How to survive the lockdown
D．The disadvantages of public transport