2021-2022學年江西省景德鎮(zhèn)一中重點班高一（上）期末英語試卷

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分37.5分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。

• 1．Even if the world makes it hard to relax，we all need to find a way to reset and recharge.We go through life thinking we've rested because we have gotten enough sleep―but in reality we are missing out on the other types of rest we desperately need.Saudra Dalton-Smith，a physician，outlines different types of rest that are essential for human growing.
     Physical rest
     This is the usual definition of rest were a familiar with.But while we know we need to spend a decent number of hours in bed to stay healthy，a steady persistent support of studies shows a large proportion of us still don't get enough physical rest.
     Mental rest
     Always have a tornado of thoughts spinning in your head from the moment you wake up to the moment you finally fall asleep？You need more mental rest，and even if you sleep a solid eight hours a night，you're not going to feel fully recharged until you get it.
     "The good news is you don't have to quit your job or go on vacation to fix this.Schedule short breaks to occur every two hours throughout your workday these breaks can remind you to slow down.You might also keep a notepad by the bed to write down any painful thoughts that would keep you awake，" suggests Dalton-smith.
     Sensory rest
     Staring at screens all day and all night means your eyes never get a proper rest，but this isn't the only reason many of us never give our senses a break.Noisy cites，sharp sound announcements and loud music all contribute to constant sensory stimulation.Your brain needs a rest now and again.Consciously close your eyes and give yourself the gift of silence for short periods throughout the day.
     Emotional rest
     This "means having the time and space to freely express your feelings and cut back on people-pleasing，" Dalton-smith explains. "Emotional rest also requires the courage to be genuine.An emotionally rested person can answer the question，'How are you today？' with a truthful 'I'm not okay'，and then go on to share some hard things that otherwise go unsaid."
     In other words，we all need the space to stop pretending for ourselves and others and get real about our feelings.
  
  （1）Which of the following statement is true about the types of rest mentioned in the passage？

  
  A．Physical rest means lying in bed for a proper period and exercising.
  B．Mental rest indicates resting every two hours when you're working.
  C．Sensory rest means keeping silent frequently and staring at screens.
  D．Emotional rest means pretending to share private affairs with others.
  （2）What type of rest do you need most if you're working with a computer in an office？

  
  A．Physical rest
  B．Mental rest
  C．Sensory rest
  D．Emotional rest
  （3）It can be concluded that if a person feels tired，he should

  .
  A．try to identify just what sort of rest he's lacking exactly
  B．spend some time with those who can energize him
  C．have the four types of rest mentioned in the passage in order
  D．have a need to feel connected to something larger than himself
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 2．A new commodity brings about a highly profitable，fast-growing industry，urging antitrust（反壟斷）regulators to step in to check those who control its flow.A century ago，the resource in question was oil.Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants（巨頭） that deal in data，the oil of the digital age.The most valuable firms are Google，Amazon，F(xiàn)acebook and Microsoft.All look unstoppable.
     Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up.But size alone is not a crime.The giants' success has benefited consumers.Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery.Far from charging consumers high prices，many of these services are free（users pay，in effect，by handing over yet more data）.And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves，too.
     But there is cause for concern.The internet has made data abundant，all-present and far more valuable，changing the nature of data and competition.Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better.But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services：translation and visual recognition，to be sold to other companies.Internet companies' control of data gives them enormous power.So they have a "God's eye view" of activities in their own markets and beyond.
     This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful.Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves：in time，one of them would become great again.A rethink is required - and as a new approach starts to become apparent，two ideas stand out.
     The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century.When considering a merger（兼并），for example，they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in.They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets（資產(chǎn)）when assessing the impact of deals.The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat.When this takes place，especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of，the regulators should raise red flags.
     The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it.Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data，with users' consent.
     Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy.But if governments don't want a data economy controlled by a few giants，they must act soon.
  
  （1）Why is there a call to break up giants？

  
  A．They have controlled the data market.
  B．They collect enormous private data.
  C．They no longer provide free services.
  D．They dismissed some new-born giants.
  （2）What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate？

  
  A．Data giants' technology is very expensive.
  B．Google's idea is popular among data firms.
  C．Data can strengthen giants' controlling position.
  D．Data can be turned into new services or products.
  （3）By paying attention to firms' data assets，antitrust regulators could

  .
  A．kill a new threat
  B．a(chǎn)void the size trap
  C．favour bigger firms
  D．charge higher prices
  （4）What is the purpose of loosening the giants' control of data？

  
  A．Big companies could relieve data security pressure.
  B．Governments could relieve their financial pressure.
  C．Consumers could better protect their privacy.
  D．Small companies could get more opportunities.
  組卷：3引用：1難度：0.7

  解析

• 3．Old Problem，New Approaches While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life，global warming will continue for some decades after CO₂ emissions peak.So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today，we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
     When it comes to adaptation，it is important to understand that climate change is a process.We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.This is why，in part at least，the US National Climate Assessment says that， "There is no 'one-size fits all' adaptation." Nevertheless，there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
     Around the world，people are adapting in surprising ways，especially in some poor countries.Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries，schools，and health clinics，and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.Rezwan is creating floating connectivity（連體） to replace flooded roads and highways.But he is also working at a far more fundamental level：his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season.
     Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken.Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India，where he is known as the Ice Man.The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.Without the glaciers，water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops.Norphel's inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter，when it was not needed.He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze，and was stored until the spring.His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation（灌溉）water.Having created nine such ice reserves，Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200，000 m³ of water.Climate change is a continuing process，so Norphel's ice reserves will not last forever.Warming will overtake them.But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will，perhaps，be able to find other means of adapting.
     Increasing Earth's reflectiveness can cool the planet.In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses（which reflect light back to space）has changed the warming trend locally，and actually cooled the region.While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly，temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased.This example should act as an inspiration for all cities.By painting buildings white，cities may slow down the warming process.
     In Peru，local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.The outcome is still far from clear.But the World Bank has included the project on its list of "100 ideas to save the planet".
     More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere.A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria.Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping.But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops.Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce，or by growing the same things differently.This is common sense.But some suggestions for adapting are not.When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt，it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
     Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.After all，if we adapt in that way，we may avoid the need to change in so many others.
  
  （1）The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies

  .
  A．a(chǎn)daptation is an ever-changing process
  B．the cost of adaptation varies with time
  C．global warming affects adaptation forms
  D．a(chǎn)daptation to climate change is challenging
  （2）What is special with regard to Rezwan's project？

  
  A．The project receives government support.
  B．Different organizations work with each other.
  C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation.
  D．The project connects flooded roads and highways.
  （3）What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming？

  
  A．Storing ice for future use.
  B．Protecting the glaciers from melting.
  C．Changing the irrigation time.
  D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers.
  （4）What's the author's preferred solution to global warming？

  
  A．Setting up a new standard.
  B．Reducing carbon emission.
  C．Adapting to climate change.
  D．Monitoring polluting industries.
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）

• 8．假定你是李華，學校上周末舉辦了圖書捐贈活動，請你為英語報紙Weekly寫一篇報道，內(nèi)容包括：
  1.活動目的；
  2.活動過程；
  3.學生反響。
  注意：
  1.詞數(shù)80左右；
  2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
  參考詞匯：book donation activity 圖書捐贈活動
  組卷：55引用：5難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié)（滿分25分）

• 9．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
      Whether we notice it or not，our child is a little reflection of ourselves.They grow up looking more and more like us.They even have similar personalities and hobbies.And in some cases，the standard of choosing a good friend.
      One day，my 10-year-old Jane said， "Mom，I made a new friend at school today.Can she come over tomorrow？" Her words made me extremely happy because Jane was a shy girl and I wanted her to make some friends to bring her out of her shell.
      "Sure，honey，that sounds great." I said，thinking back to my own childhood best friend，Susan.We lived across the street from each other in Washington Heights，New York.We met at the age of 10，too.Like my daughter.I was shy and had trouble making friends.But Susan drew me out.She was one of the friendliest people in school，with shiny black hair and a mile-wide smile.Thanks to Susan.I was happy every day.
      In senior high school，Susan went on a trip to Florida.This was the first time we had to be away from each other for a few days. "I'll be back soon and I will write to you as soon as I arrive." she told me.But I didn't get her phone call nor receive any mail from her.Soon，my family moved to New Jersey，making my hope of seeing Susan impossible.
      Whenever I thought of him，tears came into my eyes.
      The next day Jane brought her new friend home. "Hi，Mrs.Smith." the little girl said.Her hair was so shiny and black and she gave me a big smile. "My name is Jo.My mom will pick me up 2 hours later."
  注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；
  2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。
  Paragraph 1：
  I was puzzled because my daughter's new friend looked so familiar.____
  Paragraph 2：
  Two hours passed really quickly，and there was a knock on the door.____
  組卷：1引用：2難度：0.6

  解析