2020-2021學(xué)年上海市黃浦區(qū)格致中學(xué)高二（下）期末英語(yǔ)試卷

IL.Grammar and Vocabulary（20分）Section ADirections：After reading the passages below.fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct.For the blanks with given words，fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given：for the other blanks，use one word for each blank the best fits the context.

• 1．One of the most important New Year's resolutions （1）

  every parent should make for 2021 is to ensure everyone in the family spends less time with screens.Since last year，a number of new studies （2）

  （confirm） that the effects of technology on kids are even worse than many parents feared.
      Children between the ages of 8 and 11 who spend more than two hours a day looking at screens were associated with lower cognitive function than those who engaged in less screen time，according to researchers who published a study in The Lancet in September.While researchers noted there is no causal link，they wrote，"Emerging evidence suggests that mobile device and social media uses have an unfavorable relationship with attention，memory，impulse control，and academic performance"--- perhaps （3）

  technology encourages multi-tasking and can cut into kids' sleep time.
      The Times also reported many elite schools are moving towards eliminating or reducing screens，while many public schools are touting technology in classrooms. （4）

  fears of a technological divide were once centered on the high cost of technology and high-speed internet access，the concern is now that less affluent children （5）

  be spending more time with technology.Already，research by Common Sense Media has found that higher-income teenagers spend less time with screens for entertainment compared to lower-income teens.Of course，a total ban isn't necessarily a smart strategy，either.Some screen time can be important for helping kids learn to use technology they （6）

  （need） in their careers.They might also use it in beneficial ways （7）

  （access） educational games and programs，and stay connected to family and friends，for example.
      And （8）

  parents blame their kids' bad behavior on their technology use，it's also important to take a look in the mirror.Moms and dads need to reduce their own screen time，too.A study published in June in Pediatric Research found that there's （9）

  vicious cycle：The parents' use of phones and its interference in parent-child interactions is associated with kids acting out（模仿）.This might then prompt parents to continue using their phones as a way to cope with stress.
      New Year's celebrations are the perfect time to get the whole family to look up from their screens （10）

  offering some fun alternatives like board games，scavenger hunts，baking treats or getting together with family and friends.Kids will soon discover that there are plenty of things that aren't on Facebook to "like."
  組卷：3引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．

  A.boost B.capabilities C.ceaseless D.effects E.evolve F.historic G.identify H.initiative I.interconnected J.miraculously K.seriously

  Currently，many of the brainy gadgets being developed for the Intenet of Things will anticipate our needs and make choices for us--without being told what to do--marking a（n） （1）

  transformation in our relationship with machine.
     As we turn more of our decision-making over to the devices，they will （2）

  into our personal confidants（知己） and counselors，determining everything from the time we wake up and clothes we wear to the music we listen to and the route we take to work.In the process，experts say our reliance on these（3）

  tools will far surpass today's dependence on smart phones.These autonomous assistants are widely expected to help us stay healthier，take better care of our loved ones，live more comfortably，become more environmentally responsible and （4）

  our productivity by freeing us from an endless array of boring routines so we can concentrate on the most important ones.
     But social scientists and others worry these computerized devices might make decisions that are （5）

  flawed or that we otherwise dislike，leaving us feeling less in control of our lives.More importantly，their （6）

  observation could result in an excessively conformist（循規(guī)蹈矩的）society，some experts fear一especially with the government and other entities（實(shí)體） exploring the use of these intelligent machines to assess and prevent "abnormal behavior."
     Stanford University researchers believe society may be profoundly impacted by Intenet-of-Things machines blessed with humanlike（7）

  .So in December they began a century-long study of the technology in part to（8）

  the implications "of systems that can make inferences about the goals，intentions，identity，location，health，beliefs，habits and future actions of people."
     Understanding such （9）

  is crucial，experts say，because the technology is being rapidly adapted.About 13 percent of consumers already have got a smart thermostat，security camera or other devices installed in homes.Instead of just doing what we command，many of the devices being empowered with sophisticated software and micro-electronics to act on their own （10）

  as our personal advisers.
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.4

  解析

III.Reading Comprehension Section A （15分）Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A.B.C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 3．Do you remember how you felt the first time you rode a bike？What about your first heartbreak？（1）

  moments and the emotions they arouse can resonate in our minds for decades，powerfully shaping who we are as individuals.But for those who experience severe trauma（創(chuàng)傷），such painful memories can leave people with life-changing mental conditions.So，what if traumatic memories did not have to cause so much（2）

  ？For now，the work is happening in mice.
     Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram--a physical change in brain tissue（3）

  a particular recollection.While at MIT in 2013，Steve Ramirez of Boston University and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough：They were able to target the cells that（4）

  one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory.In their work，mice（5）

  in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance.In their current work，Ramirez and his colleagues are investigating whether（6）

  memories can be overwritten by positive ones.In their experiments，positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female ones for an hour，and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks.
     After a surgical operation on the mice，the researchers find that（7）

  positive memories while a mouse is in a cage makes it less fearful.They think that this memory-retraining may be helping to（8）

  some of the mouse's trauma.（9）

  ，it is unclear whether those original fear memories are completely lost or just suppressed（抑制）.
  （10）

  Ramirez's team stresses that their work in mice is preliminary（初步的），they see treatment potential for humans down the road.Those suffering from PTSD or depression could have their memories（11）

  ，for instance，so that they don't have a strong（12）

  response to painful recollections.If it's one day possible to alter human memory，who should be allowed to receive that treatment？And would the（13）

  system be at a disadvantage if key witnesses and victims cannot remember a crime？These are questions New York University bioethicist Arthur Caplan says are worth thinking about before the technology is ready for human clinical settings.
     As neuroscientists progress with their research，they say these（14）

  issues are being taken into account.Ramirez sees the idea of（15）

  memories as neither good nor bad.Like water，it just depends on how you use it.
  
  

  （1）	A．Forgettable	B．Memorable	C．Sustainable	D．Believable
  （2）	A．fruit	B．difference	C．pain	D．movement
  （3）	A．a(chǎn)ssociated with	B．exchanged for	C．sentenced to	D．deprived of
  （4）	A．put off	B．pick up	C．turn on	D．make up
  （5）	A．reacted	B．hurried	C．stunned	D．resolved
  （6）	A．short-term	B．negative	C．enjoyable	D．reliable
  （7）	A．deleting	B．decreasing	C．a(chǎn)ctivating	D．pausing
  （8）	A．recreate	B．eliminate	C．liberate	D．memorize
  （9）	A．Therefore	B．Besides	C．Indeed	D．However
  （10）	A．Since	B．Unless	C．Until	D．While
  （11）	A．removed	B．strengthened	C．a(chǎn)ltered	D．stimulated
  （12）	A．emotional	B．physical	C．controversial	D．mechanical
  （13）	A．immune	B．justice	C．medical	D．commerce
  （14）	A．mental	B．ethical	C．criminal	D．equality
  （15）	A．killing	B．multiplying	C．controlling	D．justifying
  組卷：18引用：2難度：0.2

  解析

Section B （22分）Directions：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements.Every questions are provided with four choices marked A，B.C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

• 4．Danah Boyd，who holds positions at Microsoft Research，New York University，and Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet and Society，has a pointed message for parents：Almost everything we think we know about the way our kids are using the Internet is wrong.Boyd's newbook，It's Complicated：The Social Lives of Networked Teens，makes the case that the Internet isn't nearly as scary or damaging to young people as many moms and dads believe.As the mother of a 16-year-old，I found most of it fascinating.Here are two of my biggest takeaways：
     Technology is not turning our teens into social misfits.
     Although the image persists that young people would rather text than talk，and prefer connecting on Facebook than hanging out in person，Boyd says this isn't true. "Most of the teens that I met were desperate for the opportunity to leave their homes to gather with friends，"she writes.
  The trouble is that in many communities，young people have less freedom than they once did because they are so over scheduled and because parents are worried about their safety." The era of being able to run around after school so long as you are home before dark is long over，"Boyd notes.
     To make up for this lost freedom，teens have turned to their computers." The success of social media must be understood partly in relation to this shrinking social landscape，" Boyd explains.Facebook，Twitter，Instagram，Snapchat，and other sites "are not only new public spaces；they are in many cases the only 'public' spaces in which teens can easily communicate with large groups of their peers."
  Adolescents aren't as Internet savvy as we like to think.
     Although teens have been called "digital natives" for having grown up practically glued to their computers and smartphones，they still remain simple in many ways about what they find online.After all，they're just kids.
      "Many of today's teens are indeed deeply engaged with social media，but this does not mean that they have the knowledge or skills to make the most of their online experiences，" Boyd writes."The so-called 'digital natives，' far from being useful，is often a distraction to understanding the challenges that youth face in the networked world." One area in which young people need help is in learning to distinguish between valid and misleading sources of information."Teens may make their own media or share content online，"Boyd observes，"but this does not mean that they inherently have the knowledge or perspective to critically examine what they consume."
     Yet many teachers，librarians，and，yes，parents do." Even those who are afraid of technology，" Boyd says，"can offer valuable critical perspective." As a mom or dad，the most important thing for your kid to plug into is your hard-earned wisdom.
  
  （1）Danah Boyd's new book mainly talks about

  
  A．the correct and wise use of the Internet for young people
  B．teens' real social lives online and advice for parents
  C．measures parents can take to deal with the damaging Internet
  D．fascinating takeaways for a mother of a 16-year-old
  （2）According to Boyd，why are teens nowadays easily considered social misfits？

  
  A．Because they seem to prefer to communicate through social networks.
  B．Because they are too over scheduled to hang out with friends in person.
  C．Because parents require them to stay at home more for safety reasons.
  D．Because social networks offer them convenience of communication.
  （3）An "Internet savvy"person is one who

  .
  A．tends to be cheated over the Internet all the time
  B．is completely absorbed in social networks all the time
  C．knows how to fully and wisely use the Internet
  D．has the ability to distinguish right from wrong
  （4）Boyd may suggest that parents should

  .
  A．provide kids with more chances to leave homes and gather with friends
  B．build more public places for kids to communicate with their peers
  C．provide kids with knowledge and skills to help them to be digital natives
  D．filter out the misleading sources of information online for their kids
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

V.Translation（3+3+4+5，共15分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.

• 12．這個(gè)先驅(qū)者的故居是這個(gè)不起眼的小術(shù)屋，正在維修中，游客有在六月底去一睹真容。（under）
  組卷：1引用：2難度：0.4

  解析

VI.Guided Writing （25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below.

• 13．假設(shè)你是陳芳。你的好友王敏是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生，下個(gè)月將去英國(guó)的姐妹校交流訪問(wèn)。王敏想拍攝一個(gè)短片，向英國(guó)的同學(xué)和老師介紹自己的學(xué)校。她通過(guò)郵件向你征求意見。寫一封回信，內(nèi)容須包括：
  1、短片的主題以及與之匹配的主要內(nèi)容：
  2、你選擇這些內(nèi)容的理由。
  組卷：0引用：2難度：0.6

  解析