2023-2024學(xué)年河南省鄭州市中原區(qū)基石中學(xué)高三（上）開學(xué)英語試卷

閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50.0分）

• 1．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
  STEM Summer Programs for High School Students STEM is a term that stands for science，technology，engineering，and mathematics.Here is a list of some of the best STEM summer camps for high school students.
      Future Matters Program
      It is an eight-week paid summer research experience for high school students.This is a hands-on program for worldwide students interested in going after a career in medical research.Students will attend seminars led by faculty and participate in discussions with peers.
      Simons Summer Research
      It is a seven-week program located at Stony Brook University.Students will have the opportunity to participate in special workshops，tours and events.They will conclude the program by producing a written research abstract and research poster.
      Research Science Institute
      It is the first cost-free program of its kind.During this seven-week program，students will dive deeper into the world of science and engineering by experiencing the entire research cycle.In this program，students attend classes conducted by famous professors and prepare oral presentations to present their research.
      Program in Math for Young Scientists
      This program is a six-week intensive mathematics program designed for students across the globe.Unlike common programs，it offers a great deal of independence for students to choose their own schedules and decide what they want to study.Besides learning，there is also "mandatory （強制）fun time" built into the weekly schedule so that students are able to have non-math related activities.
  
  （1）Which program will be summarized with written material？

  
  A．Future Matters Program.
  B．Simons Summer Research.
  C．Research Science Institute.
  D．Program in Math for Young Scientists.
  （2）What do Simons Summer Research and Research Science Institute have in common？

  
  A．Expense.
  B．Requirement.
  C．Duration.
  D．Content.
  （3）What's special in Program in Math for Young Scientists？

  
  A．Cultivating independent still.
  B．Attending non-math activities.
  C．Enrolling international students.
  D．Tailoring personal schedules.
  組卷：1引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

• 2．When I was 13，I climbed my first mountain-a fairly gentle 3，900-foot peak.I was overweight at the lime and out of breath when I reached the summit.But I loved challenging myself.Soon I'd climbed nearly 100 peaks.My parents were happy I'd finally found a hobby.
     I often go climbing with my friend Mel Olsen.She and I drove to tackle 11，240-foot Mount Hood.It's safer to start winter climbs at night when there's less risk of the sun melting the snowpack.That day，we started at3 a.m.Al around 9 a.m.，we reached an ice step.It was about three or four feet tall and sloped at a 75-degree angle.I volunteered to go first.I placed my left foot on the ice step.
     I gained a sense of the ice when I stuck my ax and crampons （鞋底釘） into it，and it felt good.Confident I was safe，I put my full weight on it.Suddenly，I heard a crack，and as the snowpack became thinner，a whole piece of ice broke off the step，right under my foot.
     In an instant，I fell backward，bouncing off the rock face and rolling down the mountain as if I were a character in a video game.I remember thinking，"This is it.You're done."I stuck out my arms and legs，grabbing at anything.That stopped my rolling down the mountain，but I was still sliding.After a few seconds，I came to a stop on a shallow slope.
     I asked myself：Where are you？Mount Hood.What's the date？December 30.Good.My brain was functioning.Then I checked my body to see where I was hurt.For the most part，I was fine，except that I was suffering from a sharp pain in my left leg.Later I'd learn that I'd broken my femur （大腿骨） and that the bone was slicing into my skin and muscle.
     At the bottom of Mount Hood，I was loaded into an ambulance and taken to a hospital.The doctors told me it would be a year before I could climb again，but I was back on the trails within six months.
  
  （1）Why did the author and her friend set out at3 a.m.？

  
  A．It was the best time to enjoy scenery.
  B．It was more challenging to climb at night.
  C．They wanted to finish the climb before sunset.
  D．They hoped to avoid some possible dangers.
  （2）Why is"a character in a video game"mentioned in paragraph 4？

  
  A．To show her strong character.
  B．To make her idea more convincing.
  C．To help readers imagine the scene.
  D．To add to the humor of the description.
  （3）How did the author make sure she could still think clearly？

  
  A．By recalling what had happened.
  B．By checking whether she was injured.
  C．By telling an ambulance for rescue.
  D．By asking herself some factual questions.
  （4）What can we learn about the author？

  
  A．She is l00 brave t0 pay attention to any danger.
  B．She has a strong desire for professional knowledge.
  C．Setbacks can't stop her from challenging herself.
  D．The love for nature sets her apart from her friends.
  組卷：15引用：8難度：0.5

  解析

• 3．    Have you ever seen a car without a driver？It sounds crazy，but these computer-driven driverless cars will soon be filling roads near you.Tech companies around the world have been designing and testing driverless vehicles and the technology is available already.
     So，how do they work？The cars are covered in sensors that can detect other cars and obstacles on the road.Sensors on the wheels also help when parking.Road signs are read by cameras，and satellite navigation systems are used.Finally，a central computer system takes in all the information and processes this to work out when to accelerate，brake and steer.All you have to do is type in the destination.
     Sounds like your idea of heaven？Sitting back，looking out of the windows and even watching a film while "driving" will all be possible with this new technology.In addition，computers are generally more efficient drivers than humans，meaning emissions can be reduced.They also drive more safely than people—they don't get distracted by music or friends，they obey the speed limit and they have quicker reaction times in case of an emergency.
     However，there are still many drawbacks of driverless cars.Computers will have difficulties making ethical （道德上的） decisions.If a child ran out into the road，would the computer choose to hit the child or turn aside sharply and potentially hurt the car's passengers instead？Moreover，I personally find driving fun.I'd miss never being behind the wheel myself.There would also be legal questions.Should children or drunk people，be allowed in a driverless car by themselves？Or would there need to be a responsible adult with a driving licence in the car at all times？
     Although being driven around by a machine would perhaps mean that no one needs a driving license，many people would be put out of a job by the popularization of driverless cars.Bus，taxi and train drivers would be made unwanted.
     I'm not convinced I'd want a driverless car，but it's only a matter of time before they'll become more affordable and commonplace on our roads.
  
  （1）What do you need to do when using a driverless car？

  
  A．Control the sensors.
  B．Read the road signs carefully.
  C．Check the satellite navigation systems.
  D．Put the address into the computer.
  （2）What does the third paragraph mainly tell us about driverless cars？

  
  A．Their emissions.
  B．Their advantages.
  C．Their testing process.
  D．Their reaction to an emergency.
  （3）How does the author analyze the shortcomings of driverless cars？

  
  A．By making a comparison.
  B．By analyzing their harmful effects.
  C．By raising some questions.
  D．By sharing personal experiences.
  （4）What does the author think of future driverless cars？

  
  A．They will be less expensive.
  B．They will consume less energy.
  C．They will do more harm than good.
  D．They will be more strictly controlled.
  組卷：2引用：3難度：0.3

  解析

寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

• 8．你校將舉行英語作文比賽。請你以"Benefits of Exercising Regularly"為題寫一篇短文參賽，內(nèi)容包括：
  1.定期運動的好處；
  2.你的建議。
  注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
  2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
  Benefits of Exercising Regularly___________.
  組卷：4引用：3難度：0.6

  解析

• 9．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
      The frightening day of our diving test was here.Our parents thought we were lucky to have an Olympic-size swimming pool at the school.My mom stressed that the swimming pool was one of the best in our city.But I didn't feel happy about it at all.Instead，I felt afraid of the swimming pool.It was mainly because I was terribly shy.
      I was so shy that I always sat at the back of the room in class so I'd not be called upon to read.As for the present physical education class each Monday morning，I would work my way to the back of the line forming at the diving board so I would not have to practice the dives.
      Now，it was another Monday morning -- the morning of our diving test.My blood ran cold when the teacher Ms.Robbins announced that we would be graded for our final on the most difficult dive--the jackknife.And she added， "This diving test is important.The one who fails has to spare time in the following Monday mornings to practice diving in this swimming pool and attend this test again."
      My body kept shaking with fear as the line to the scary diving board shortened.As I watched，each student seemed to perform the challenging dive effortlessly.And shortly I would have to attempt something that I had never even practiced before.
      Then I remembered someone telling me that when you picture yourself doing a skill over and over，it's just as effective as physically practicing that skill.So I watched carefully as each classmate jumped at the end of the board once，added a jump for height，folded their body in half to reach for their toes（腳趾），and finally straightened out like an arrow for going into the water.After carefully watching for a while，I was actually in a state of surprise，because all of a sudden I realized that it was possible for me to perform these four steps of diving.
      Eventually all classmates except me finished jumping.The teacher announced that it was my turn.
      注意：
      （1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為 150 左右；
      （2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
  
      With my heart knocking wildly，I walked down the diving board towards its end.
                       
      Knowing I failed，I climbed out of the pool，embarrassed.
                       
  組卷：6引用：6難度：0.5

  解析