2023年重慶市烏江新高考協(xié)作體高二（下）期末英語試卷

閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50.0分）

• 1．Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize for physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou.It's the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize，but why has it taken so long？We look at five other pioneering female physicists - past and present - who actually deserve the prize.
     Jocelyn Bell Burnell
     Perhaps the most famous snub（冷落）：then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967，when she was a PhD student at Cambridge.The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974，however，went to her male supervisor，Antony Hewish.Recently awarded a ￡2.3 m Breakthrough Prize，which she gave away to help under-represented students，she joked to the Guardian，"I feel I've done very well out of not getting a Nobel Prize."
     Lene Hau
     Hau is best known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light，before managing to stop it completely in 2001.Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists，could 2019 be Hau's year？
     Vera Rubin
     Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s，opening up a new field of astronomy.She died in 2016，without recognition from the committee.
     Chien-Shiung Wu
     Wu's "Wu experiment" helped disprove the "law of conservation of parity".Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured，and instead，her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize for their theoretical work behind the study.
     Lise Meitner
     Meitner led groundbreaking work on the discovery of nuclear fission.However，the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize for chemistry，which was won by her male co-lead，Otto Hahn.
  
  （1）When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognised by the Nobel？

  
  A．In 1944.
  B．In 1967.
  C．In 1974.
  D．In 1980.
  （2）Which woman is most likely to win a Nobel Prize later according to the text？

  
  A．Lene Hau.
  B．Vera Rubin.
  C．Donna Strickland.
  D．Jocelyn Bell Burnell.
  （3）What do we know about the five females？

  
  A．The five female scientists did greatly in chemistry.
  B．Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry.
  C．Lise Meitner's teacher won a Noble Prize for her work.
  D．All their findings haven't been recognised by the Nobel.
  組卷：1引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

• 2．If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal （夜間活動的） species on this planet．Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light．This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings．Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night：We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light．
     The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences -- called light pollution -- whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study．Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky．III-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the levels and light rhythms to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted．Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected．
     In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze （霾） that mirrors our fear of the dark．We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh， -- dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth - is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost．
     We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth．Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing．Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet．The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms．Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings．
     Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses．Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs．Like most other creatures，we do need darkness．Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself．
     Living in a glare of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage - the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night．In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way the edge of our galaxy - arching overhead．
  
  （1）According to the passage，human beings

  ．
  A．prefer to live in the darkness
  B．are used to living in the day light
  C．were curious about the midnight world
  D．had to stay at home with the light of the moon
  （2）What does "it" （Paragraph 1）most probably refer to？

  
  A．The night．
  B．The moon．
  C．The sky．
  D．The planet．
  （3）The writer mentions birds and frogs to

  ．
  A．provide examples of animal protection
  B．show how light pollution affects animals
  C．compare the living habits of both species
  D．explain why the number of certain species has declined
  （4）It is implied in the last paragraph that

  ．
  A．light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
  B．light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
  C．human beings cannot go to the outer space
  D．human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
  （5）What might be the best title for the passage？

  
  A．The Magic Light．
  B．The Orange Haze．
  C．The Disappearing Night．
  D．The Rhythms of Nature．
  組卷：4引用：2難度：0.7

  解析

• 3．    In this digital age，people measure their popularity by the number of "likes" and followers they get on social media.But as it turns out，people are happier when their friends are of high quality rather than huge quantity.
     Scientists from the University of Leeds in the UK studied data from two online surveys of nearly 1，500 people.Those who took the survey gave details about their age，social interactions，and how satisfied they were with their social lives.The researchers found that those who had a small number of close friends generally tended to be happier than those who had a large number of superficial （關系淺表的） friends.
     "Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have，and more to do with how you feel about your friends，" said Bruine de Bruin，one of the researchers.
     He found that older people tended to have smaller social circles than young people，but the people in these circles tended to be closer to them.He also found that younger people tended to have larger social circles that were made up of "peripheral（次要的） others"— people who are not their true friends，but just the ones they know.These people had no influence on their happiness.
     The results of the study show that the opinion society has about old people being sad and lonely might not be accurate.
     "The research shows that older adults' smaller networks don't decrease their social satisfaction and happiness.In fact，older adults tend to report a better sense of well-being than younger adults，" said Bruine de Bruin.
  
  （1）According to the study，people tend to be happier when they

  .
  A．have friends of huge quantity
  B．have a small circle of close friends
  C．have a lot of followers on social media
  D．make friends with older people
  （2）What do we know from paragraph 4？

  
  A．Older people's friends seem to be of higher quality.
  B．Younger people don't need to make peripheral friends.
  C．Older people's happiness has nothing to do with their friends.
  D．Both older and younger people find it hard to make close friends.
  （3）Which word might Bruine de Bruin use to describe older adults？

  
  A．Sad.
  B．Happy.
  C．Lonely.
  D．Concerned.
  （4）What is the focus of this article？

  
  A．Different types of friends in one's life.
  B．Changes in people's happiness levels.
  C．Interactions between older and younger people.
  D．The relationship between happiness and the quality and quantity of friends.
  組卷：7引用：4難度：0.5

  解析

寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

• 8．為增強學生體質，你校將在下周舉辦一次"Love Sports，Love Life "的體育活動。假定你是學生會主席李華，請你用英文寫一篇倡議信，呼吁同學們積極進行體育鍛煉。
  內容要點包括：
  （1）活動的目的；
  （2）進行體育運動的益處；
  （3）提出倡議，表達期待。
  注意：
  （1）詞數(shù) 100 左右；
  （2）開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
  Dear friends，
  _______
      With best wishes.
  The Students' Union
  組卷：4引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 9．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。
      "I'm going to miss you so much，Poppy，" said the tall，thin teenager.He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye.He stood up，hugged his parents，and smiled，trying not to let his emotions get the better of him.
      His parents were not quite able to keep theirs under control.They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying.It was time to say goodbye for now at least.The family hugged and smiled through misty （迷蒙的；傷感的） eyes and then laughed.
      The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder，and flashed （掠過） a bright smile. "I guess this is it，" he said，"I'll see you back home in a month，okay？" His parents nodded，and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents.The boy's mother turned to the dog， "Okay，Poppy，time to go back home."
      The house seemed quiet as a tomb（墓地） without the boy living there.All that week，Poppy didn't seem interested in her dinner，her favorite toy，or even in her daily walk.Her owners were sad too，but they knew their son would be back to visit.Poppy didn't.
      They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats.They even let her sit on the sofa，but the old girl just wasn't her usual cheerful self.Her owners started to get worried. "What should we do to cheer Poppy up？" asked Dad，"We've tried everything."
      "I have an idea，but it might be a little crazy，" smiled Mom.，"Without anybody left in the house but us，this place could use a bit of fun.Let's get a little dog for Poppy."
     It didn't take long before they walked through the front door carrying a big box.Poppy welcomed them home as usual but when she saw the box，she stopped.She put her nose on it.Her tail began wagging （擺動） ever so slowly，then faster as she caught the smell.
  注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為150左右；
  2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；
      Paragraph 1.
      Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared._______
      Paragraph 2.
      A few weeks later，the boy arrived home from university.____
  組卷：2引用：3難度：0.5

  解析