2022-2023學(xué)年上海市民辦南模中學(xué)高三（上）期中英語(yǔ)試卷

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

• 1．Health warning as UK swelters People across the UK have enjoyed the sunshine this week，but they have also advised to be careful as a heat wave hits much of the country.
      A heat wave is defined as a period of hot weather （1）

  temperatures are higher than is expected for the time of year.They usually happen in summer.
      However，climate change （long-term changes to weather patterns，mostly （2）

  （cause） by human activities such as burning fossil fuels，farming and cutting down forests） is increasing the chance of heat waves happening and making them more extreme.The current hot weather is even （3）

  （much） extreme in some European countries— temperatures in southern Spain have reached 46℃.
      Heat waves can be a danger to people's health，especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly，children and people （4）

  certain health conditions.However，anyone （5）

  suffer from the effects of extreme heat，including dehydration （not having enough water） and heatstroke （a condition caused by the body overheating）.A group of leading UK scientists （6）

  （suggest） that，just as storms are given names，we should name heat waves in order to raise awareness of the health risks.
      The Met Office，the UK's national weather service，has issued an amber warning.This means there is the possibility of travel delays，road and rail closures，power cuts and a potential risk to people's health.Temperatures are expected （7）

  （rise） to 35℃，and there have been predictions that the record for the UK's hottest day could be broken.Government officials have met to discuss （8）

  to introduce a heat wave emergency.
      To cope with hot weather，the NHS （National Health Service） says people should try to keep out of the Sun between 11 am and 3 pm， （9）

  temperatures are at their highest and the sun is strongest.Make sure you wear a hat，apply sunscreen and drink plenty of water. （10）

  （close） curtains in the rooms in your home that face the sun will help to keep indoor spaces cooler.If you are swimming outdoors to cool down，make sure you're with a trusted adult and follow local safety advice.
  組卷：8引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

Section B

• 2．

  A．needed B．directly C．constantly D．dangerous E.weightless F.repaired G.affected H.permanent I.jye.ai J.results K.decades

  Bad News For Astronaut SkeletonsAstronauts whose bones are weakened by spaceflight may not recover even after returning to Earth，according to a new study.This raises questions about how humans will cope on long space missions.
     The （1）

  conditions in space mean that astronauts' bodies are not （2）

  exercising in the same way as they are on Earth.Muscles get weaker but bones are also （3）

  because the body does not replace minerals that are （4）

  .
     Since 2015，doctors at the University of Calgary in Canada have been studying the problem by comparing （5）

  of astronaut tibias （shinbones） made before flight， （6）

  after return to Earth，and after six and 12 months of recovery time.Their （7）

  show that a year after returning to Earth，bones still have up to 2.1% lower mineral density （a measure of their strength） than before the flight.
     Dr Leigh Gabel，who led the team，explained that the effects of a few months in space were equal to several （8）

  of ageing on Earth.Damage to the bone itself that occurs in space can't be （9）

  ，says Gabel，so "the astronaut's overall bone structure permanently changes".
     The study found that the longer the space mission，the greater and more （10）

  the bone loss.This supports a 2020 study that predicted that during a three-year mission to Mars，one in three astronauts would be at risk of osteoporosis （fragile bones）.Gabel says space agencies will need to improve the exercise and nutrition they offer astronauts if they are to go on such long trips.
  組卷：6引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

III. Reading Comprehensions

• 3．Intentions matter When my daughter was very young，she broke my favorite cup.She was moving it aside，and it slipped from her hand and broke on the floor.I loved that cup and was really disappointed，but（1）

  I didn't punish her.It was an accident.She didn't（2）

  to drop it.Intentions matter.Or do they？
     I can't help but feel that our modern world does not（3）

  intentions.We are all so ready to find fault with another person and so concerned with our own responses that we don't consider the（4）

  of others.
     There are（5）

  opportunities to be upset these days in the celebrity news cycle，in politics and in our own interpersonal interactions.Every single day，someone is torn apart on social media for something they have said or done.
     A friend of mine says， "It's not how the message is intended；it's how it's received." He means that we need to be（6）

  when choosing our words because they can easily be（7）

  by the person we are addressing.
     We all at times express ourselves poorly，make errors of judgment or have a moment of（8）

  where we say the wrong thing.All of us have offended someone at some point in our lives.
     The internet is full of people seeking to make things worse.（9）

  there are also many decent people who（10）

  get things wrong or simply do not know better.
     I get that there is much to be angry about.The world is full of injustice.The actions and words of other people can cause harm；（11）

  ，the actions and words of other people matter.
     But intention has to matter too，for us to make sense of the world，and for us to effect change.（12）

  intentions can help us to feel better about our fellow humans.When we appreciate intent，it can help to lessen the impact of their message.
     On a more practical level，understanding intention can help us respond to people with（13）

  instead of anger.People who wish to do the right thing are often willing to listen.When we scream at people in anger，we（14）

  communication and make them less open to change.Remember，humans are（15）

  as divided as social media suggests.
     Did the person throw the cup，or did it slip from their hands？Now，more than ever，I think the answer matters.
  
  

  （1）	A．of course	B．a(chǎn)fter all	C．a(chǎn)bove all	D．for example
  （2）	A．choose	B．happen	C．mean	D．expect
  （3）	A．learn from	B．object to	C．come across	D．care for
  （4）	A．business	B．intentions	C．emotions	D．relationships
  （5）	A．endless	B．unique	C．golden	D．ideal
  （6）	A．hopeful	B．careful	C．cheerful	D．helpful
  （7）	A．misinterpreted	B．reported	C．explained	D．commented
  （8）	A．weakness	B．madness	C．carelessness	D．hopelessness
  （9）	A．So	B．But	C．Or	D．And
  （10）	A．purposefully	B．generally	C．hardly	D．occasionally
  （11）	A．however	B．besides	C．therefore	D．a(chǎn)lthough
  （12）	A．Expressing	B．Understanding	C．Indicating	D．Returning
  （13）	A．sadness	B．kindness	C．happiness	D．illness
  （14）	A．make use of	B．look forward to	C．talk about	D．shut down
  （15）	A．rarely	B．specially	C．suddenly	D．simply
  組卷：5引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

Section B

• 4．We say that technology is a double-edged sword - while it brings convenience，it also brings new problems．The sword of "social media" even has a gender preference in its damage：It cuts deeper into girls than boys．
     Earlier studies have shown that spending too much time on social media is bad for teenagers' mental health．Constantly watching their friends show off "perfect" lives can hurt their own self-esteem．That's not to mention the problems caused by online shaming and bullying．
     Jean Twenge，a professor at San Diego State University in the US，recently discovered an alarming trend：Since 2010，the number of teenage girls who suffer from major depression - showing signs like self-harm and suicide - has increased much faster than that of boys．In an article she wrote at The Conversation，Twenge said social media，again，was to blame．
     For starters，girls use social media more than boys．Boys tend to spend their screen time on games，where they talk to their teammates through headphones．This counts as real human contact．Girls，however，simply type and browse through posts，which is a much more isolated experience． "They're not having a real-time conversation with someone，" Mary Fristad，psychologist at The Ohio State University，told NPR．
     And when it comes to online shaming，girls are also more vulnerable than boys． "Girls face more pressure about their appearance，which could be exacerbated （加重） by social media，" wrote Twenge．
     Shannon McLaughlin，for example，is an 18-year-old from Blackburn College in the US．She shared with the Guardian how social media made her feel depressed． "I was constantly confronted by women with skinny bodies who were praised for the way they looked．This was only made worse by the diet fixes and skinny culture，" she said．But McLaughlin found a solution．She started volunteering with the National Citizen Service，where she made face-to-face contact with people． "It's so easy to forget the importance of real connections when we have hundreds of people that we're trying to impress at our fingertips，" she told the Guardian．
     And she hopes that others "look up from their phones and focus more on the world around them"．
  
  （1）What did Twenge find in her recent study？

  
  A．Overuse of social media harms teenagers' mental health．
  B．Social media does more harm to girls than boys．
  C．Girls suffered more from bullying than boys．
  D．Online shaming and bullying are to blame for teenagers' depression．
  （2）Why do girls tend to feel more isolated than boys online，according to Mary Fristad？

  
  A．Girls have less real-time interaction with people．
  B．Playing games allows boys to have more fun than girls．
  C．Girls suffer more pressure on social media．
  D．Girls usually desire more contact with others．
  （3）The underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to "

  "．
  A．a(chǎn)djusting oneself well
  B．fighting back bravely
  C．being unconcerned about something
  D．being likely to be at risk of something
  （4）What does McLaughlin advise teenage girls to do？

  
  A．Ignore social media and stop following a diet．
  B．Connect more with the real world．
  C．Constantly take part in volunteer work．
  D．Make better use of phones for socializing．
  組卷：14引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

The Part II

• 12．過(guò)去幾十年，人們對(duì)國(guó)外潮流趨之若鶩，但如今，他們開(kāi)始對(duì)茶道，古詩(shī)詞這樣的傳統(tǒng)文化越來(lái)越感興趣了。（see）
  組卷：7引用：3難度：0.9

  解析

II. Guided Writing

• 13．如果給你與一個(gè)歷史人物對(duì)話的機(jī)會(huì)，你會(huì)和誰(shuí)對(duì)話？We can only "talk" to historical figures through texts in history books，cultural relics，pomes and songs.But if you had the opportunity to break through the barriers of time and space and have a conversation with a certain historical figure，who would you ask and what would you say to him/her and why do you say so？文章第一句已經(jīng)為你寫(xiě)好。
  Which Historical Figure Would You Want to Speak to？ If I had an opportunity to have a face-to-face talk with a historical figure，I would like to hold a deep conversation with.……
                   
  組卷：2引用：2難度：0.5

  解析