2021-2022學(xué)年北京師大附中高二（上）期中英語(yǔ)試卷

一、語(yǔ)法填空：有提示詞的空用所給詞的正確形式填空，沒(méi)有提示詞的空填寫連詞。本大題共1小題，共15分。

• 1．A Peer pressure can influence how people dress，（1）

  music they like and how they behave.Teenagers want to be liked，to fit in and（2）

  （accept），which means peer pressure can be hard to resist.People who are unsure of themselves may seek their peers' approval by（3）

  （choose） the wrong path.In one study，a student who knew the correct answer gave the wrong answer just（4）

  others gave the wrong answer and he didn't want to be different.What can people do（5）

  （avoid） peer pressure？The most important thing is to build up self-confidence.It's also a good idea to surround themselves with people（6）

  don't make fun of them.
  B For a lot of people， （7）

  （become）a millionaire is a symbol of success.They spend half of their time（8）

  （dream）up ways of getting rich.But will they get the sense of success after they achieve their goals？Sixteen years ago，Jason was a college professor（9）

  （possess）a large house.Today he lives in a small dormitory room with only second-hand furniture.But Jason（10）

  （appreciate） this change.
  C （11）

  （live）in UK for 15 years，Huang Danian moved back to China in 2008.He set up a state-of-the-art lab，sometimes（12）

  （pay）for equipment with his own money.He contributed to the launch of Shenzhou-11 and Tiangong-2.In 2016，he fainted and was taken to hospital，（13）

  he was diagnosed with cancer.（14）

  （trap）in his hospital bed，he still continued his work.He died in January in 2017.More than 800 people attended his funeral to celebrate a life（15）

  burned so bright，but was so short.
  組卷：11引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

二、單詞拼寫：根據(jù)首字母提示拼寫單詞。本大題共20小題，共20分。注意：需在答題處填寫整個(gè)單詞，否則該題不得分。

• 2．熱心的，熱情的 adj.e
  組卷：0引用：2難度：0.8

  解析

• 3．想象，想象力 n.i
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.9

  解析

• 4．愛(ài)好 n.h
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.9

  解析

• 5．推薦 v.r
  組卷：0引用：2難度：0.9

  解析

• 6．觀察 n.o
  組卷：0引用：2難度：0.9

  解析

• 7．發(fā)明家 n.i
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.9

  解析

• 8．多樣性 n.d
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.8

  解析

• 9．樂(lè)器n.i
  組卷：3引用：2難度：0.7

  解析

• 10．可持續(xù)的 adj.s
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.8

  解析

• 11．借口n.e
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.9

  解析

• 12．強(qiáng)調(diào) v.e
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.8

  解析

• 13．倫理的 adj.e
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.9

  解析

• 14．運(yùn)動(dòng)員

  ；運(yùn)動(dòng)的
  組卷：7引用：4難度：0.7

  解析

• 15．獎(jiǎng)牌 n.m
  組卷：2引用：2難度：0.8

  解析

• 16．犧牲 n.s
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.9

  解析

• 17．準(zhǔn)備n.p
  組卷：3引用：3難度：0.7

  解析

• 18．課外的 adj.e
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.8

  解析

• 19．福利n．
  組卷：2引用：2難度：0.7

  解析

• 20．負(fù)擔(dān) n.b
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.8

  解析

七、閱讀理解。本大題共4小題，共30分。

• 60．Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were，for a long time，considered second-class citizens.
     As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted，chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation.When given problems to solve，they reason：hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later （and better） one.Healthy hens may aid friends，and mourn when those friends die.
     Pigs respond meaningfully to human symbols.When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs，only the O carriers offered food to the animals.The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's.Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols.Still，the pigs walked only toward the O-shirred people：they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format，a not-inconsiderable feat of reasoning.
  I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations，myself.At the start of my career almost four decades ago，I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals，They're other primates （靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物），after all，animals from our own mammalian （哺乳動(dòng)物的） class.Fairly soon，I came to see that along with our closest living relatives，whales too are masters of cultural learning，and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions.Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society：the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedures in laboratories，elephants forced to perform in circuses，and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.
     Over time，though，as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish，chickens，pigs，goats，and cows，I started to wonder：Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical revolution in terms of who we eat？In other words，will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science？
     Animal activists are already there，of course，committed to not eating these animals.But what about the rest of us？Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat？
  
  （1）According to Annie Potts，hens have the ability of

  .
  A．interaction
  B．a(chǎn)nalysis
  C．creation
  D．a(chǎn)bstraction
  （2）The research into pigs shows that pigs

  .
  A．learn letters quickly
  B．have a good eyesight
  C．can build up a good relationship
  D．can apply knowledge to new situations
  （3）Paragraph 4 is mainly about

  .
  A．the similarities between mammals and humans
  B．the necessity of long-term studies on mammals
  C．a(chǎn) change of attitude to the treatment of animals
  D．a(chǎn) discovery of how animals learn to express themselves
  （4）What might be the best title for the passage？

  
  A．The Inner Lives of Food Animals
  B．The lifestyle of Food animals
  C．Science Reports on Food Animals
  D．A Revolution in Food animals
  組卷：12引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

八、閱讀表達(dá)：閱讀下面文章，回答問(wèn)題。本大題共1小題，共15分。

• 61．Some of the most successful people in history：have done their best work in coffee shops.People across nations and centuries have tapped into their creativity in a café.
      There are many ways coffee shops boost our creativity.The combination of noise，casual crowds and visual variety can give us just the right amount of distraction（注意力分散）to help us be sharpest and most creative.
      Some of us stick in earbuds（耳塞）as soon as we sit down to work in a public setting.But scientists have known for years that background noise can benefit our creative thinking.A suitable level of noise in a cafeteria can actually improve your creative output.If you're slightly distracted from the task at hand by some stimuli（刺激物），it boosts your abstract thinking ability，which can lead to more creative idea generation.
      There's also the fact that in a coffee shop，we're surrounded by people who've come to do the same thing，which acts as a motivator.Simply performing a task next to a person who makes a lot of effort can motivate you to work harder.It's similar to going to the gym for a Workout.That is the social-facilitation effect：you go there，you see other people working and it puts you in a mood where you just naturally start working as well.
      Another thing that can make working at home or in the office tiring is the visual environment；often we sit in the same chair and look at the same four walls without relief.How the office is decorated has an effect on people's creative thinking process.While researchers tried to address this by adding decorative lights，they soon found that the furnishings（家具及日用設(shè)備）quickly became familiar and boring.Coffee shops，though，generally have visual stimuli.And hitting up different coffee shops keeps things even more varied.
      Researchers believe that there is no doubt about the "coffee-shop effect".Even if working from home or office remains an option for the long-term，the benefits of going to a coffee shop may be too good to pass up.And maybe the coffee is better.
  
  （1）Why did some successful people do their best work in coffee shops？

  
  （2）In what way is going to the gym similar to working in a coffee shop？

  
  （3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
  When people feel the visual environment in their office is boring，they can redecorate the office or try some other working places to solve the problem.

  
  （4）If you were free to choose a place to study in，where would you like to go？Why？
  組卷：5引用：1難度：0.6

  解析