13． A report from the UN warns that，countries' current commitments would reduce carbon by only about 7.5% by 2030，far less than the 45% cut，which scientists say is needed to limit global temperature rises to 1.5℃，the aim of the COP26 summit.
Antonio Guterres，the UN secretary-general，described the findings as a "thundering wake-up call"to world leaders，while experts called for action against fossil fuel companies.
Although more than 100 countries have promised to reach net zero emissions around mid-century，this would not be enough to avoid climate disasters，according to the UN emissions report，which examines the shortfall （差額） between countries' intentions and actions needed on the climate.Many of the net zero commitments were found to be unclear，and unless accompanied by strict cuts in emissions this decade would allow global heating of a potentially disastrous extent.
Guterres said："The heat is on，and as the contents of the report show，the leadership we need is off.Far off.Countries are wasting a massive opportunity to invest COVID-19 finance and recovery resources in sustainable，cost-saving，planet-saving ways.As world leaders prepare for COP26，that is another thundering wake-up call.How many do we need？"
Inger Andersen，the director of the UN Environment Programme （UNEP） said："Climate change is no longer a future problem.It is a now problem.To stand a chance of limiting global warming to 1.5℃，we have 8 years to almost have greenhouse gas emissions：8 years to make the plans，put in place the policies，carry them out and deliver the cuts.The clock is ticking loudly."
Emissions fell by about 5.4% last year during COVID lockdowns，the report found，but only about one-fifth of the economic recovery spending goes towards reducing carbon emissions.This failure to "build back better"，despite promises by governments around the world，cast doubt on the world's willingness to make the economic shift necessary to settle the climate crisis，the UN said.
In the run-up to COP26，countries were supposed to submit（遞交） national plans to cut emissions—called nationally determined contributions （NDCs）—for the next decade，a requirement under the 2015 Paris climate agreement.But the UNEP report found only half of countries had submitted new NDCs，and some governments had presented weak plans.
（1）Why were the findings described as a"thundering wake-up call"in Para.2？
A．Because the world has failed to live up to its current commitments.
B．Because the opportunities presented by COVID-19 have been wasted.
C．Because the world is falling behind in slowing down temperature rises.
D．Because the serious problems were brought about by global fossil fuels.
（2）The potential harm of global warming can be reduced if
.
A．current commitments of many countries remain unchanged
B．huge gaps are bridged between previous and present proposals
C．global sustainable environmental resources develops significantly
D．strict measures are taken to reduce emissions t h the coming ten years
（3）What is the writer's purpose of quoting"How many do we need？"in Para.4？
A．To show the number of alarm clocks required.
B．To explain the reason for the world's wasting chances.
C．To ask for the number of the countries attending the meeting.
D．To stress the need to make the most of resources and reduce emissions.
（4）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A．Few countries have submitted plans to reduce the emissions.
B．Many countries' plans to cut emissions are far from satisfactory.
C．Most of the countries work under the Paris Climate Agreement.
D．Much progress in reducing emissions has been made these years.
