2018-2019學(xué)年上海中學(xué)高三（上）開學(xué)英語(yǔ)試卷

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks， fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

• 1．Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT，nerves and exhaustion，surprisingly， （1）

  not rank very high．In fact，according to a new paper published in Journal of Experimental Psychology，a little anxiety - not to mention fatigue - might actually be a very good thing．
      The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer．They recruited 239 college freshmen，each （2）

  （agree） to take three different versions of the SAT reasoning test （3）

  （give） on three consecutive Saturday mornings．The tests would take three-and-a-half hours，four-and-a-half hours and five-and-a-half-hours，and would be administered in a random order to each of the students． （4）

  （boost） the stress level in the students - who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college - Ackerman and Kanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who （5）

  （beat） their high-school score．
      （6）

  the test began on each of the three Saturdays，the students filled out a questionnaire that asked them about their fatigue level，mood and confidence．They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of the test and once more at the end．Together，all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students' energy and anxiety （7）

  the experience．
      When the researchers scored the results，it came as no surprise that volunteers' fatigue and stress rose steadily （8）

  the test got longer．（9）

  was unexpected was their corresponding performance：as the length of the test increased，so （10）

  the students' scores．The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of 1600．On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222；on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237．
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.4

  解析

Section BDirection： Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．A．qualifying B．difficult C．distantD．disappointment E．crash
  AB．undeniable AC．memory AD．scoring AE．sourB C．make BD．work
  Germany Crashes Out of World Cup
  Germany became the latest defending champion to crash out of the World Cup at the first hurdle，part of a trend but definitely not part of the plan when Germany arrived here．
     A smooth-running （1）

  machine when it won the Cup in 2014，Germany now appears in need of a reform after losing，2-0，to South Korea here on Wednesday and saying goodbye to Russia about three weeks earlier than many expected．
     It has been the earliest exit for a German team at the World Cup since 1938，which seems even more （2）

  when you consider Hitler was then the country's leader and only 15 teams participated．
     With stars like Kroos，Mesut ?zil and Mats Hummels，Germany won every match in （3）

  for this World Cup，the first German team to do so．But it could not even （4）

  it out of the group phase in Russia．
     There seems to be a World Cup curse at （5）

  ．Since the 1998 edition，the defending champion has been eliminated in the group phase on four occasions：France in 2002，Italy in 2010，Spain in 2014 and now Germany．
     But this team's early exit was still a（n） （6）

  shock，and Joachim L?w，the German coach since 2006，used that same word - "schock，" in his own language - to describe the experience on Wednesday．
     "The （7）

  of being eliminated is just huge，" said L?w，who added that the team deserved to go out early． "It turned（8）

  ．I must take responsibility for this．"
     A four-time World Cup winner，Germany was a finalist in 2002，third in 2006 and 2010 and the champion in 2014 after dealing the host nation of Brazil a 7-1 defeat in the semifinals，the （9）

  of which still leaves many Brazilians in pain．
     The Germans certainly have historical company，however．The list of defending champions to lose very early shows how （10）

  it is to maintain momentum and focus with national teams whose players practice and play together much less frequently than they do with their clubs．
  組卷：2引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 3．A．a(chǎn)dvisable B．a(chǎn)ppreciate C．encounter D．concert E．usually AB．earn
  AC．transportation AD．love AE．a(chǎn)ccessible BC．independently BD．mission
     The New York subway system is one of the largest in the world，ferrying nearly eight and a half million people around the city every week．Riders find more than （1）

  below the streets；among the dirt and the screech of the trains，there is also music．The subway system is like a free （2）

  hall，offering almost every kind of music．
     You never know what you might （3）

  ，depending on the day of the week and the particular station．At a subway platform below Pennsylvania station one afternoon recently，Rawl Mitchell，an immigrant from Trinidad and Tobago，was playing the steel drums．He said he's been performing in the subway since the mid-1990s． "The people do （4）

  the music，" he said． "They stand around listening and if it pleases them，they applaud and put their money in the case or whatever．They （5）

  clap and say things like 'It's nice．' They offer me some positive feedback．"
     Singer-songwriter Rosateresa，who often sings on a station at 14^th Street，has been at it almost as long．She moved from Puerto Rico to study classical voice several decades ago． "My （6）

  is to sing like the jilguero，a Puerto Rican bird，which wakes up the sun，" said Rosateresa．
     Mitchell and Rosateresa both perform （7）

  ，outside the transit authority's official "Music Under New York" program，which sponsor 150 performances each week，by more than 200 individuals and groups．
     Like Rosateresa and Mitchell，Musicians who participate in "Music Under New York" （8）

  only whatever people choose to give．Opera singers Tom McNichols and Patricia Vital，part of a group called "Opera Collective"，said they （9）

  performing in the subways，though it isn't lucrative． "Music in general is not about money，and 'Music Under New York' is definitely more about making opera （10）

  than it is about making a living，" McNichols said．
  組卷：3引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection： For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 4．You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends，according to a recent study in the journal Royal Society Open Science．But that shouldn't stop you from （1）

  with pals who are down in the dumps，say the study authors： （2）

  ，the effect isn't large enough to push you into depression．
      The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness-as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking，drinking，obesity，fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate-can （3）

  across social networks，both online and in real life．But while many （4）

  studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time，this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time．
      The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in （5）

  screenings（篩查） and answered questions about their best friends，many of whom were also enrolled in the study．In total，2，194 students were included in the （6）

  ，which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks．
     Overall，kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more （7）

  to report bad moods themselves-and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later．When people had more happy friends， （8）

  ，their moods were more likely to improve over time．
     Some symptoms related to depression-like helplessness，tiredness and loss of interest-also seemed to follow this （9）

  ，which scientists call "social contagion．" But this isn't something that people need to （10）

  ，says lead author Robert Eyre，a doctoral student at the University of Warwick．Rather，it's likely just a " （11）

  empathetic response that we're all familiar with，and something we recognize by common sense，" he says．In other words，when a friend is going through a rough patch，it makes sense that you'll feel some of their （12）

  ，and it's certainly not a reason to stay away．
     The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not （13）

  participants' risk of becoming depressed themselves． "Your friends do not put you at risk of illness，" says Eyre， "so a good course of action is simply to （14）

  them．" To boost both of your moods，he suggests doing things together that you both （15）

  -and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings，too．"
  

  （1）	A．keeping up	B．making off	C．hanging out	D．getting away
  （2）	A．Thankfully	B．Particularly	C．Hopefully	D．Totally
  （3）	A．increase	B．generate	C．delay	D．spread
  （4）	A．growing	B．previous	C．real	D．large-scale
  （5）	A．depression	B．a(chǎn)nxiety	C．a(chǎn)nger	D．friendship
  （6）	A．a(chǎn)ssessment	B．examination	C．a(chǎn)nalysis	D．exercise
  （7）	A．willing	B．reluctant	C．a(chǎn)ble	D．likely
  （8）	A．what's worse	B．a(chǎn)s a result	C．on the other hand	D．in one word
  （9）	A．prediction	B．pattern	C．report	D．improvement
  （10）	A．worry about	B．look for	C．rely on	D．put forward
  （11）	A．social	B．normal	C．rough	D．certain
  （12）	A．symptoms	B．responses	C．recognition	D．pain
  （13）	A．eliminate	B．conceal	C．increase	D．sugarcoat
  （14）	A．enlighten	B．entertain	C．empower	D．support
  （15）	A．enjoy	B．understand	C．a(chǎn)dvise	D．permit
  組卷：5引用：1難度：0.3

  解析

• 5．Many of China's ancient architectural treasures crumbled to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s．The husband and wife team were by far the best-known （1）

  to operate in China．Their （2）

  have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development．
      Becoming China's first architectural historians was no easy （3）

  ．The buildings they wanted to （4）

  were centuries old，often in shambles and located in distant parts of the country．In many cases，they had to journey through （5）

  conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them．
     （6）

  China's outlying areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy，poorly maintained roads by mule，or on foot．This was a（n） （7）

  undertaking both for Liang，who walked with a bad limp（跛） after a motorcycle accident as a young man，and Lin，who had a lung disease for years．Inns were often unimaginably dirty，food could be tainted（污染的），and there was always （8）

  of violence from rebels，soldiers and bandits．
     Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and extremely （9）

  catalogued Foguang Si，or the Temple of Buddha's Light，in Wutai County，Shanxi Province．The breathtaking wooden temple was （10）

  in 857 A．D．，making it the oldest building known in China at the time． （It is now the fourth-oldest known）．
     Liang and Lin crawled into the temple's most （11）

  areas to determine its age，including one aerie inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs，covered in dust and littered with dead bats．Liang wrote of the （12）

  in an account included in "Liang and Lin：Partners in Exploring China's Architectural Past，" the English-language story of their lives written by Wilma Fairbank，their close friend and correspondent．
     "In complete darkness and amid the （13）

  smell，hardly breathing，with thick masks covering our noses and mouths，we measured，drew，and photographed with flashlights for several hours，" Liang wrote． "When （14）

  we came out to take a breath of fresh air，we found hundreds of bedbugs in our backpack．We ourselves had been badly bitten．Yet the （15）

  and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture．"
  

  （1）	A．a(chǎn)rchitects	B．historians	C．preservationists	D．travellers
  （2）	A．documents	B．efforts	C．operations	D．encouragements
  （3）	A．a(chǎn)chievement	B．dream	C．determination	D．breakthrough
  （4）	A．construct	B．develop	C．a(chǎn)nnounce	D．save
  （5）	A．opposing	B．unexpected	C．unfamiliar	D．dangerous
  （6）	A．Exploring	B．Touring	C．Developing	D．Overlooking
  （7）	A．unadvisable	B．priceless	C．demanding	D．worthless
  （8）	A．tolerance	B．a(chǎn)ccusation	C．suspicion	D．risk
  （9）	A．efficiently	B．carefully	C．merrily	D．creatively
  （10）	A．built	B．ruined	C．discovered	D．recorded
  （11）	A．untidy	B．a(chǎn)ncient	C．forgotten	D．important
  （12）	A．crawl	B．experience	C．prospection	D．exploitation
  （13）	A．unknown	B．disgusting	C．hard	D．thick
  （14）	A．a(chǎn)t last	B．in contrast	C．in result	D．with effort
  （15）	A．misery	B．result	C．reflection	D．importance
  組卷：6引用：1難度：0.2

  解析

V．TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

• 14．沒有一個(gè)孩子在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中不犯任何錯(cuò)誤，關(guān)鍵在于能否吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智．（learn）
  組卷：3引用：2難度：0.5

  解析

• 15．這個(gè)宏偉的古鎮(zhèn)重建計(jì)劃由于缺乏資金而被暫時(shí)擱置，因?yàn)樗砻嫔峡瓷先ズ芡昝?，但?shí)際還需要充分的討論．（surface）
  組卷：5引用：2難度：0.5

  解析