At the end of the last ice age，around 11700 years ago，Earth's climate began warming rapidly.As the planet heated up，its vast glaciers（冰川）fell back.Almost immediately afterwards volcanic （火山的） activity increased.That was nothing new.The geological record has plenty of evidence of big glacial disappearance that is followed by more frequent volcanic eruptions.Glaciers，in other words，seem to control volcanoes，which flourish in their absence.
This，at least，is the case for really big climatic swings.What has been less clear is whether more modest changes in ice cover might also affect the rate of eruptions.Given that humans are busy warming the planet，and therefore shrinking the few glaciers that still exist，this question matters.It would be good to know if more volcanic eruptions might be another consequence of global warmjye.aig.In a paper just published in Geology，Graeme Swindles a geographer at the University of Leeds，suggests that it will-eventually.
The fine details of how glaciers are linked to volcanic eruptions are unknown.But volcanologists theorise that pressure is key.The idea is that the weight of large ice sheets press the crust and mantle （地殼和地幔） below.That closes up channels within the rock through which magma（巖漿）travels towards the surface.It also leaves less room for surface water to make its way down into the rocks，where，as steam，it can increase the pressure within magma chambers（巖漿房）.Remove the ice，by contrast，and those processes go into reverse.
Dr Swindles and his colleagues studied layers of ash from Icelandic volcanoes that were deposited over Iceland and northern Europe during the relatively mild period since the end of the ice age，as well as volcanic sediments（沉淀物） from Iceland itself.Their analysis revealed an unusual period between 5500 and 4500 years ago when no ash from Icelandic volcanoes found its way to Europe and when the sediment record from Iceland suggests that no major eruptions took place.When Dr Swindles compared the volcanic record with the climate literature，he found that the absence of eruptions came after a big change in atmospheric circulation patterns about 6100 years ago.That would have encouraged Iceland's glaciers to advance.When conditions changed again a thousand years later，this time to favour glacial disappearance，volcanic activity picked up after a few hundred years.
Based upon these findings，Dr Swindles argues that even minor increases and decreases in glacier cover probably do affect volcanic activity，although with a time lag of perhaps five or six hundred years.
（1）Why is the answer to whether changes in glaciation are related to the volcanic activity important？ CC
A．The new ice age has started.
B．There are more eruptions now.
C．Glaciers are gradually disappearing.
D．It has long been a question of interest.
（2）Which of the following is a possibility that the word "reverse" （in paragraph 3）refer to？ AA
A．There is less pressure in magma chambers.
B．Less water goes into magma chambers.
C．Less magma travels to the surface.
D．Ice sheets weighs less and less.
（3）Paragraph 4 is intended to DD.
A．describe an unusual period in history
B．compare glaciation in two different periods
C．explain the evolution of volcanic eruptions
D．provide evidence for Dr Swindles's argument
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？ AA
A．Less ice，more fire
B．Volcanic eruptions：a mixed blessing
C．Shrinking glaciers
D．A new reason for global warming
【考點(diǎn)】說(shuō)明文．
【答案】C；A；D；A
【解答】
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
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發(fā)布：2024/6/27 10:35:59組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5
相似題
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1．In 2019，the world generated 54.6 million tons of e-waste.However，just 17.4 percent of it was formally collected and recycled.Since 2014，the amount of e-waste recycled has grown by 1.8 million tons -a relatively small amount，considering that the amount of e-waste generated increased by 9.2 million tons in the same period.
Global reserves of some elements，such as platinum，are supposed to be fully used up within 15 years if the proportion of recycled stocks entering production doesn't increase.E-waste and EV batteries are currently recycled through processes called pyrometallurgy（火法冶金術(shù)）and hydrometallurgy（濕法冶金術(shù)）.However，they involve burning temperatures with a high energy demand and deep carbon footprint，and poisonous chemicals which are harmful to the environment.Alternatives are therefore being sought.
A team of scientists from the University of Coventry are extending one such alternative.They have been using non-poisonous bacteria to oxidize and recover the precious metals-a process known as "bioleaching".They have shown that copper is widely recoverable from e-waste，and that all metals present in EV batteries can be recovered by using microbes（微生物）.If extended，bioleaching facilities would mean that manufacturers of EV batteries and other electronic goods would be able to recover metals locally，relying less on costly exports to recycling centers abroad.
"At present，a key limitation for e-waste recycling is the lack of certification detailing the types and amounts of metals contained in electronic goods.But with an efficient recycling process appearing，manufacturers have the motivation to use more recycled material in their products，which will change the very design of electronics goods.It's about closing the loop of a product's life cycle，" said the leader of the Bioleaching Research Group，Sebastien Farnaud.
Ultimately，bioleaching technology is born out of the idea of creating a truly circular process for the things that we consume.We need to shift from a mindset and economy where we see waste as an end product，to one where there isn't even a start or an end at all.
（1）What do the statistics in Paragraph 1 indicate？
A．People pay no attention to e-waste recycling.
B．The recycling rate of e-waste is comparatively low.
C．E-waste has caused serious environmental problems.
D．The amount of e-waste is sharply increasing every year.
（2）What is the disadvantage of current ways of recycling e-waste？
A．They are not environmentally friendly.
B．They only apply to certain e-waste.
C．They generate metals with a complex process.
D．They cause a sharp rise in local temperatures.
（3）What do we know about the bioleaching technology？
A．It has been applied abroad.
B．It releases no poisonous gas.
C．It recovers metals by microbes.
D．It promotes the local export trade.
（4）The text is most probably a part of.
A．a(chǎn) travel guide
B．a(chǎn) fiction novel
C．a(chǎn) health magazine
D．a(chǎn) scientific journal發(fā)布：2025/1/1 17:30:2組卷：1引用：2難度：0.6 -
2．The history of Azerbaijani cinema dates back to the end of the 19th century，during which，many excellent movies have been filmed，which are still watched and admired by everyone.
These movies were filmed in many beautiful places：from the comfortable and winding streets of the Icharishahar（Old City）—UNESCO World Heritage Site in Baku—to the beautiful fruit gardens and forests of beautiful areas of Azerbaijan.
Here，on these streets，one of the most famous Azerbaijani films，Arshin Mal Alan，directed by Rza Tahmasib，was filmed.
Filmed in 1945 and characterized by its amazing plot，beautiful music，great singing and acting，Arshin Mal Alan quickly became a box office sensation （轟動(dòng)）.
It remains an important cultural touchstone across Eurasia and has been translated into 86 languages and shown in 136 countries.
The film is about pure love，women's rights，and a young couple's dreams for a modern way of life.
The plot tells us about a rich young man named Asker.One day，he decides to get married.However，according to the Eastern rule，a bride （新娘） needs to cover her face before the wedding.But soon he finds a solution to this problem.On the advice of his friend Suleyman，Asker dresses up as a street seller of cloth.By selling goods，these sellers can enter houses where the women and girls choosing their cloth don't cover their faces.Now Asker can go into any yard and choose a bride.
The film has a lot of entertaining moments，songs and humour.The black-and-white version of this film has also been restored and can now be viewed in colour.
However，this is not the only movie that was filmed in the Old City.For example，in the films Amphibian Man and The Diamond Arm，you can see the streets well known to every Azerbaijaní.
（1）What can we know about Arshin Mal Alan？
A．It was filmed before 1945.
B．It is popular around the world.
C．It is an action film with amazing plot.
D．It can be viewed in black and white only.
（2）What is the Eastern rule about marriage in Arshin Mal Alan？
A．A man must be rich in order to marry his bride.
B．A man must dress up as a seller at the wedding.
C．A man mustn't see his bride's face before the wedding.
D．A man must buy a house for his bride before the wedding.
（3）Why does Asker dress up as a seller of cloth？
A．To choose a bride.
B．To make a film.
C．To work in the street.
D．To earn more money.
（4）What is the text mainly about？
A．The street culture in Azerbaijan.
B．The history of black-and-white TV.
C．A love story between Asker and his bride.
D．A famous movie filmed in Old City—Icharishahar.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 17:30:2組卷：0引用：4難度：0.3 -
3．When we see a person in trouble，the first idea that comes to our mind is to lend a hand.But what if we see an animal in trouble，does the same rule apply？
This question was raised after a group of penguins were saved from an icy gully（峽谷） in Antarctica.It was filmed for the BBC wildlife series Dynasties.The film crew were anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young.They built a slope（斜坡） so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.
The case has taken the international media by storm.Viewers watching this film sighed in relief. "I'm so glad.I understand not taking action directly，but a helping hand isn't bothering，right？" viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook.
However，others think human interference（干涉）is unnatural. "You can't have sunshine throughout your life.To have done anything else would only make matters worse." said the show's creator David Attenborough，according to The Times.
In this case，however，Mike Gunton，the executive producer of the series，said that this was a one-off situation. "There were no animals going to suffer by interfering.You weren't touching the animals and it was just felt by doing this…They had the chance not to have to keep slipping down the slope." he told the BBC.
Such cases are familiar to Paul Nicklen，wildlife photographer for National Geographic.He told Metro，"If it's ever a predator（捕食者） situation，no matter how gut wrenching，you stay out of the way.Even when you're watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear."
"There's no rule book in those situations.You can only respond to the facts that are right there in front of you." Will Lawson，the show's director，told Daily Mail.
（1）What has led to a heated media discussion？
A．The rescue of penguins from a gully.
B．People's various remarks on penguins.
C．Some penguins' sufferings in a gully.
D．Ways of filming the series Dynasties.
（2）Who holds a positive attitude towards human interference？
A．David Attenborough.
B．Will Lawson.
C．Paul Nicklen.
D．Kathryn Shaw.
（3）Which of the following best explains the word "gutwrenching" underlined in Paragraph 6？
A．Making one confused.
B．Making one heartbroken.
C．Putting one in danger.
D．Putting one in place.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A．Necessity of Lending a Hand to Animals
B．Protect Animals From Dying Out
C．Human Interference on Dangerous Animals
D．Help Animals in Trouble or Not發(fā)布：2025/1/1 17:30:2組卷：2引用：3難度：0.5
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