Grandparents who sometimes help out with childcare or provide support for others in their community tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people，according to a study from Berlin，Germany.
   The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70 in the Berlin Aging Study.The participants（參與者）completed interviews and medical tests every two years between 1990 and 2009.
   The researchers did not include any grandparents who were the main caregivers for their grandchildren，only those who cared for grandchildren from time to time.The study team compared this group with seniors who provided support for non-family members，such as friends or neighbors，and seniors who did not provide any care for other people.
   Overall，after accounting for grandparents' age and general state of health，the risk of dying over a 20-year period was one-third lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren，compared with those who did not provide any childcare.Half of the grandparents who cared for grandchildren were still alive ten years after the original interview.The same was true for participants who did not have grandchildren but supported their adult children in some way，such as helping with housework.In contrast，about half of the participants who did not help others died within five years of the start of the study.
   "Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because caregivers may feel useful for others and for society，" said Bruno Arpino，an associate professor at Pompeu Fabra University in Barelona，Spain who was not involved in the study.
   "Caregiving may be thought also as activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，" Professor Arpino said，adding that previous studies suggest that caregiving may improve cognitive（認(rèn)知的）functioning，mental and physical health.
   Arpino noted，however，that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health，and too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working，being in social clubs，or volunteering.
   "Children should take into consideration their parents' needs，willingness，and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，" Arpino suggested.

（1）What can we know from the text？

A

A

A．Helping others sometimes is beneficial to seniors.
B．Full-time caregivers were included in the study.
C．All participants in the study were in good health.
D．Caregiving can reduce the risk of death by half.
（2）Bruno Arpino believes that caregiving can give seniors

C

C

.
A．a(chǎn) sense of duty
B．a(chǎn) sense of honor
C．a(chǎn) sense of self-worth
D．a(chǎn) sense of belonging
（3）What does the underlined phrase "take away from" in para 7 probably mean？

A

A

A．cut down
B．break up
C．make up for
D．take the place of
（4）What advice did Bruno Arpino give？

D

D

A．The amount of childcare should depend on grandparents' health.
B．Seniors should take part in all kinds of outdoor activities.
C．Grandparents should do their best to take care of grandchildren.
D．Children should be considerate towards their parents in childcare.